{"id":1562,"date":"2026-10-09T08:31:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/?p=1562"},"modified":"2026-10-08T20:47:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T18:47:56","slug":"statute-of-limitations-at-the-end-of-the-year","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/verjaehrung-zum-jahresende\/","title":{"rendered":"Limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod at the end of the&nbsp;year"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300\">Sta\u00adtu\u00adte of limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adons at the end of the year: Secu\u00adre out\u00adstan\u00adding claims now<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many busi\u00adnesses have invoices on their out\u00adstan\u00adding items list that have been awai\u00adting pay\u00adment for some time. The cus\u00adto\u00admer has clai\u00admed the\u00adre are defects, asked for a defer\u00adral, or sim\u00adply fai\u00adled to respond. As long as no one takes any action, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod con\u00adti\u00adnues to run in the back\u00adground. At mid\u00adnight on 31 Decem\u00adber 2026, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod will expi\u00adre for most claims ari\u00adsing in&nbsp;2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many busi\u00adness owners assu\u00adme that sen\u00adding a remin\u00adder will extend the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod. This is a mis\u00adcon\u00adcep\u00adti\u00adon. We explain when claims beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred, which steps actual\u00adly halt the run\u00adning of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod, and what this means for VAT and the annu\u00adal accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When a claim becomes time-barred<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most claims for pay\u00adment by busi\u00adnesses are sub\u00adject to the stan\u00addard limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod of three years (Sec\u00adtion 195 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). The\u00adse include purcha\u00adse pri\u00adces, remu\u00adne\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon for work per\u00adfor\u00admed, fees and rent. The limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod does not, as a rule, com\u00admence on the invoice date, but at the end of the year in which the cla\u00adim aro\u00adse and the cre\u00addi\u00adtor was awa\u00adre of the deb\u00adtor and the cir\u00adcum\u00ads\u00adtances giving rise to the cla\u00adim, or should have been awa\u00adre of them had it not been for gross negli\u00adgence (Sec\u00adtion 199(1) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An exam\u00adp\u00adle: An invoice for a deli\u00advery in March 2023 was due in April 2023. The limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod beg\u00adins on 31 Decem\u00adber 2023 and ends three years later, at the clo\u00adse of 31 Decem\u00adber 2026. The same cut-off date appli\u00ades to an invoice that beca\u00adme due in Decem\u00adber 2023. All claims from a given year the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred at the same&nbsp;time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If, in excep\u00adtio\u00adnal cir\u00adcum\u00ads\u00adtances, the cre\u00addi\u00adtor is una\u00adwa\u00adre of their cla\u00adim through no gross negli\u00adgence, the start\u00ading point is defer\u00adred. Howe\u00adver, regard\u00adless of whe\u00adther the cre\u00addi\u00adtor is awa\u00adre of the cla\u00adim, claims beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred at the latest ten years after they ari\u00adse (Sec\u00adtion 199(4) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)), cal\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adted to the&nbsp;day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exceptions that business owners should be aware&nbsp;of<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Titled claims:<\/strong> Claims ari\u00adsing from a final jud\u00adge\u00adment, an enforce\u00adment order or an enforceable sett\u00adle\u00adment are sub\u00adject to a limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod of 30 years (Sec\u00adtion 197 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). Inte\u00adrest acc\u00adruing in the future is nevert\u00adhel\u00adess sub\u00adject to the three-year limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Claims for defects:<\/strong> War\u00adran\u00adty claims ari\u00adsing from con\u00adtracts of sale and con\u00adtracts for work and mate\u00adri\u00adals gene\u00adral\u00adly beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred after two years; for struc\u00adtures, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod is five years. The limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod beg\u00adins on the exact day of deli\u00advery or accep\u00adtance (Sec\u00adtions 438, 634a of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)), not at the end of the year. Howe\u00adver, for ser\u00advices that do not invol\u00adve the manu\u00adfac\u00adtu\u00adre, main\u00adten\u00adan\u00adce or altera\u00adti\u00adon of an item \u2013 such as purely advi\u00adso\u00adry or expert ser\u00advices \u2013 the stan\u00addard limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod appli\u00ades. This appli\u00ades in par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar to coun\u00adter-claims made by the cus\u00adto\u00admer, which they may set off against the prin\u00adci\u00adpal&nbsp;claim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wages:<\/strong> It beco\u00admes time-bar\u00adred three years from the end of the year in which it beca\u00adme due. In the case of a con\u00adtract for work and ser\u00advices, the debt gene\u00adral\u00adly beco\u00admes due upon accep\u00adtance (Sec\u00adtion 641 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). In the case of a con\u00ads\u00adtruc\u00adtion con\u00adtract under the BGB, a veri\u00adfia\u00adble final invoice is also requi\u00adred (Sec\u00adtion 650g(4) BGB). Anyo\u00adne who issues the final invoice one year after accep\u00adtance ther\u00adeby also post\u00adpo\u00adnes the start of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A reminder does not suspend the limitation period<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A pay\u00adment remin\u00adder or demand for pay\u00adment, even if sent by regis\u00adtered post, has no effect on the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod. It mere\u00adly results in the deb\u00adtor being in default (Sec\u00adtion 286 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). In com\u00admer\u00adcial dealings bet\u00adween busi\u00adnesses, default occurs in any case no later than 30 days after the due date and receipt of the invoice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nevert\u00adhel\u00adess, late pay\u00adment does have a value. Cre\u00addi\u00adtors may char\u00adge inte\u00adrest on over\u00addue pay\u00adments at a rate of nine per\u00adcen\u00adta\u00adge points abo\u00adve the base rate for claims against other busi\u00adnesses (Sec\u00adtion 288(2) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)), and five per\u00adcen\u00adta\u00adge points abo\u00adve the base rate for claims against con\u00adsu\u00admers. Sin\u00adce 1 July 2026, the base rate has stood at 1.52 per cent, mea\u00adning that the inte\u00adrest on arre\u00adars in B2B tran\u00adsac\u00adtions is 10.52 per cent. In addi\u00adti\u00adon, the\u00adre is a flat-rate char\u00adge of 40 euros per cla\u00adim, which is set off against any sub\u00adse\u00adquent legal cos\u00adts (Sec\u00adtion 288(5) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). None of this affects the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod. On the con\u00adtra\u00adry: the inte\u00adrest beco\u00admes time-bar\u00adred tog\u00ade\u00adther with the prin\u00adci\u00adpal cla\u00adim, even if it accrued at a later date (Sec\u00adtion 217 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What actually stops the limitation period<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Act distin\u00adgu\u00adis\u00adhes bet\u00adween two effects. The <strong>Inhi\u00adbi\u00adti\u00adon<\/strong> The time limit remains in force. The peri\u00adod during which the time limit is sus\u00adpen\u00added is not coun\u00adted; after that, the time limit con\u00adti\u00adnues to run. The <strong>A fresh start<\/strong> sets the dead\u00adline to zero; the three years start again from the very begin\u00adning, to the day, not just at the end of the&nbsp;year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The order for payment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A court order for pay\u00adment is the most com\u00admon means of secu\u00adring a cla\u00adim befo\u00adre the end of the year. Ser\u00advice of such an order sus\u00adpends the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod (Sec\u00adtion 204(1)(3) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). For appli\u00adcants based in Schles\u00adwig-Hol\u00adstein, the Schles\u00adwig Local Court is the com\u00adpe\u00adtent court for debt coll\u00adec\u00adtion pro\u00adcee\u00addings. Busi\u00adnesses can com\u00adple\u00adte the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon them\u00adsel\u00adves via the online-mahnantrag.de por\u00adtal. Howe\u00adver, wit\u00adhout an online ID func\u00adtion or a qua\u00adli\u00adfied elec\u00adtro\u00adnic signa\u00adtu\u00adre, the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon will only be gene\u00adra\u00adted the\u00adre as a bar\u00adcode form, which must be prin\u00adted out, signed and sent by post to the court respon\u00adsi\u00adble for debt coll\u00adec\u00adtion. The dead\u00adline is then deter\u00admi\u00adned by the date the paper form is recei\u00adved by the Local Court, not by when it was com\u00adple\u00adted on screen. Soli\u00adci\u00adtors sub\u00admit pay\u00adment order appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adons electronically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing is cru\u00adcial: the stay takes effect as soon as the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon is recei\u00adved by the court, pro\u00advi\u00added the order for pay\u00adment is sub\u00adse\u00adquent\u00adly ser\u00adved \u201eshort\u00adly\u201c (Sec\u00adtion 167 of the Code of Civil Pro\u00adce\u00addu\u00adre). An appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon recei\u00adved by the court befo\u00adre mid\u00adnight on 31 Decem\u00adber can the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre still save the cla\u00adim. Howe\u00adver, no one should rely on this. In prac\u00adti\u00adce, three mista\u00adkes regu\u00adlar\u00adly result in the cla\u00adim being&nbsp;lost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The cla\u00adim has not been suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent\u00adly spe\u00adci\u00adfied.<\/strong> The cla\u00adim must cle\u00adar\u00adly iden\u00adti\u00adfy the debt in ques\u00adti\u00adon, for exam\u00adp\u00adle by sta\u00adting the invoice num\u00adber and date. Sim\u00adply sta\u00adting the total amount of seve\u00adral invoices is not suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent and does not sus\u00adpend the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The court\u2019s queries remain unans\u00adwe\u00adred.<\/strong> If the debt coll\u00adec\u00adtion court objects to the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon, a respon\u00adse must be pro\u00advi\u00added prompt\u00adly. Case law gene\u00adral\u00adly sets a dead\u00adline of one month in such&nbsp;cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not\u00adhing hap\u00adpens after the objec\u00adtion.<\/strong> If the deb\u00adtor lodges an objec\u00adtion, the case will only be refer\u00adred to the court of first ins\u00adtance if the cre\u00addi\u00adtor so requests and pays the addi\u00adtio\u00adnal court fee (Sec\u00adtion 12(3) of the Court Fees Act (GKG)). If the cre\u00addi\u00adtor does not pur\u00adsue the pro\u00adcee\u00addings fur\u00adther, the sus\u00adpen\u00adsi\u00adon ends six months after the last pro\u00adce\u00addu\u00adral step (Sec\u00adtion 204(2) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). The\u00adre\u00adaf\u00adter, the time limit con\u00adti\u00adnues to&nbsp;run.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The claim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A legal action also sus\u00adpends the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod (Sec\u00adtion 204(1)(1) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). This is a sui\u00adta\u00adble cour\u00adse of action if the deb\u00adtor has alre\u00ada\u00addy dis\u00adpu\u00adted the cla\u00adim and an objec\u00adtion to a pay\u00adment order is to be expec\u00adted in any case. Sin\u00adce 1 Janu\u00adary 2026, local courts have had juris\u00addic\u00adtion over claims up to 10,000 euros; pre\u00advious\u00adly, the limit was 5,000 euros. The\u00adre is no requi\u00adre\u00adment to be repre\u00adsen\u00adted by a soli\u00adci\u00adtor in the\u00adse proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Negotiations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the cre\u00addi\u00adtor and deb\u00adtor are nego\u00adtia\u00adting the cla\u00adim, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod is sus\u00adpen\u00added until one par\u00adty refu\u00adses to con\u00adti\u00adnue the nego\u00adtia\u00adti\u00adons. The\u00adre\u00adaf\u00adter, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod beg\u00adins to run no ear\u00adlier than three months later (Sec\u00adtion 203 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). Case law inter\u00adprets \u2018nego\u00adtia\u00adti\u00adons\u2019 broad\u00adly: any exch\u00adan\u00adge regar\u00adding the cla\u00adim in which the deb\u00adtor does not imme\u00addia\u00adte\u00adly reject it is suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent. The catch lies at the end. If the dis\u00adcus\u00adsions peter out, the sus\u00adpen\u00adsi\u00adon ends at the point in time when the next step would have been expec\u00adted. In the event of a dis\u00adpu\u00adte, the cre\u00addi\u00adtor must pro\u00adve the start and dura\u00adti\u00adon of the nego\u00adtia\u00adti\u00adons. Nego\u00adtia\u00adti\u00adons are the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre only of limi\u00adt\u00aded use as a safe\u00adguard at the turn of the&nbsp;year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgement and advance payment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the deb\u00adtor ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adges the cla\u00adim, the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod starts afresh (Sec\u00adtion 212(1)(1) of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). Such ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adge\u00adment may be made express\u00adly, for exam\u00adp\u00adle in a signed state\u00adment of account or an inst\u00adal\u00adment pay\u00adment agree\u00adment. Howe\u00adver, it may also be impli\u00aded by a par\u00adti\u00adal pay\u00adment, an inte\u00adrest pay\u00adment or the pro\u00advi\u00adsi\u00adon of secu\u00adri\u00adty. Anyo\u00adne agre\u00ade\u00ading an inst\u00adal\u00adment plan with a cus\u00adto\u00admer wil\u00adling to pay should express\u00adly sta\u00adte in the agree\u00adment that the total cla\u00adim is acknowledged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two points are often over\u00adloo\u00adked. The ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adge\u00adment must be made befo\u00adre the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod expi\u00adres; a cla\u00adim that has alre\u00ada\u00addy beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred is not revi\u00adved as a result. And the new limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod runs to the day: if the cus\u00adto\u00admer signs a state\u00adment of account on 15 Novem\u00adber 2026, the cla\u00adim beco\u00admes time-bar\u00adred at the end of 15 Novem\u00adber&nbsp;2029.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Waiver of the limitation period<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cre\u00addi\u00adtors and deb\u00adtors may agree that the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod shall com\u00admence at a later date (Sec\u00adtion 202 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). Simi\u00adlar\u00adly, the deb\u00adtor may decla\u00adre that they will wai\u00adve the defence of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod for a spe\u00adci\u00adfic peri\u00adod. This may be con\u00adside\u00adred whe\u00adre an ami\u00adca\u00adble sett\u00adle\u00adment is fore\u00adseeable and neither par\u00adty wis\u00adhes to incur court cos\u00adts at this stage. The wai\u00adver should be set out in wri\u00adting and spe\u00adci\u00adfy a spe\u00adci\u00adfic end&nbsp;date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What applies after 31 December<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cla\u00adim that is time-bar\u00adred does not lap\u00adse. Howe\u00adver, the deb\u00adtor may refu\u00adse to pay (Sec\u00adtion 214 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). The deb\u00adtor must, howe\u00adver, rai\u00adse this defence them\u00adsel\u00adves; the court does not exami\u00adne the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod of its own moti\u00adon. If the deb\u00adtor pays despi\u00adte the cla\u00adim being time-bar\u00adred, they can\u00adnot recla\u00adim the&nbsp;money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The\u00adre is one loopho\u00adle: even in the case of a cla\u00adim that is time-bar\u00adred, the cre\u00addi\u00adtor may still set it off if the claims were in balan\u00adce at a time when the creditor\u2019s cla\u00adim was not yet time-bar\u00adred (Sec\u00adtion 215 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB)). This is rele\u00advant in ongo\u00ading busi\u00adness rela\u00adti\u00adonships invol\u00adving recipro\u00adcal invoices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tax implications of outstanding and time-barred claims<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An unpaid invoice is not just a cash-flow pro\u00adblem. It can also cost you money in tax if nobo\u00addy takes action in&nbsp;time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VAT: paid, but never received<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Busi\u00adnesses that account for VAT on the basis of agreed fees (dee\u00admed taxa\u00adti\u00adon) have alre\u00ada\u00addy paid the VAT on an invoice to the tax office, even if the cus\u00adto\u00admer has never paid. If the con\u00adside\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon beco\u00admes irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adble, the VAT must be adjus\u00adted (Sec\u00adtion 17(2)(1) of the Ger\u00adman VAT Act (UStG)). It then redu\u00adces the VAT for the advan\u00adce return peri\u00adod in which the irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018Uncoll\u00adec\u00adti\u00adble\u2019 does not mean that the deb\u00adtor must be insol\u00advent. It is suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent if the cla\u00adim can\u00adnot be enforced for the fore\u00adseeable future, for exam\u00adp\u00adle becau\u00adse the cus\u00adto\u00admer dis\u00adpu\u00adtes it on sub\u00adstan\u00adti\u00adve grounds and refu\u00adses to pay. A mere delay in pay\u00adment, on the other hand, is not suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent, nor is an agreed inst\u00adal\u00adment plan. As a gene\u00adral rule, the cla\u00adim is likely to be uncoll\u00adec\u00adti\u00adble at the latest when the deb\u00adtor invo\u00adkes the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing is important. The adjus\u00adt\u00adment must be made for the peri\u00adod in which the debt beco\u00admes irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adble. The\u00adre is no opti\u00adon in this mat\u00adter. Anyo\u00adne wis\u00adhing to make the adjus\u00adt\u00adment years later may lose the right to do so if, under pro\u00adce\u00addu\u00adral law, the rele\u00advant year can no lon\u00adger be amen\u00added. If the cus\u00adto\u00admer does pay at a later date, the VAT must be paid&nbsp;again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This pro\u00adblem does not ari\u00adse under the cash basis of taxa\u00adti\u00adon based on con\u00adside\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon recei\u00adved (Sec\u00adtion 20 of the Ger\u00adman Value Added Tax Act (UStG)). In that case, VAT only beco\u00admes char\u00adgeable upon payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Balance sheet and income statement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com\u00adpa\u00adnies pre\u00adpa\u00adring finan\u00adcial state\u00adments must wri\u00adte down doubtful debts in their annu\u00adal accounts. Under com\u00admer\u00adcial law, the strict lower-of-cost-or-mar\u00adket prin\u00adci\u00adple appli\u00ades to receiv\u00ada\u00adbles; irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adble debts must be writ\u00adten off in full. The net amount is writ\u00adten off, and VAT is adjus\u00adted in accordance with Sec\u00adtion 17 of the Ger\u00adman VAT Act (UStG). For tax pur\u00adpo\u00adses, a par\u00adti\u00adal wri\u00adte-down is per\u00admit\u00adted if the impair\u00adment is expec\u00adted to be per\u00adma\u00adnent (Sec\u00adtion 6(1)(2) of the Inco\u00adme Tax Act (EStG)). The enforcea\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty of the cla\u00adim and any impen\u00adding limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod must the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre be taken into account when pre\u00adpa\u00adring the annu\u00adal accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anyo\u00adne who cal\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adtes their pro\u00adfit using the cash basis method has never paid tax on the out\u00adstan\u00adding pay\u00adment as inco\u00adme. The non-pay\u00adment the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre has no effect on the pro\u00adfit. Court and legal fees incur\u00adred in enfor\u00adcing busi\u00adness claims are busi\u00adness expen\u00adses in both&nbsp;cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Checklist for the coming weeks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sort open items by the year in which they aro\u00adse.<\/strong> All receiv\u00ada\u00adbles due in 2023 should be included on a sepa\u00adra\u00adte&nbsp;list.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Check for spe\u00adcial cases.<\/strong> In the case of pay\u00adment for work per\u00adfor\u00admed, it depends on accep\u00adtance and the final invoice. Claims for which a court order has been obtai\u00adned are secu\u00adre; howe\u00adver, inte\u00adrest acc\u00adruing from the court order beco\u00admes time-bar\u00adred after three years, at the end of the&nbsp;year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tar\u00adget cus\u00adto\u00admers who are wil\u00adling to pay.<\/strong> A signed state\u00adment of account or an inst\u00adal\u00adment pay\u00adment agree\u00adment ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adging the debt will restart the time&nbsp;limit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Don\u2019t lea\u00adve pay\u00adment demands until the very last day.<\/strong> Appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adons should be sub\u00admit\u00adted by ear\u00adly Decem\u00adber to allow time for the court to rai\u00adse any queries. Appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adons sub\u00admit\u00adted by post using a bar\u00adcode will take lon\u00adger to process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Have the docu\u00adments rea\u00addy.<\/strong> The invoice, deli\u00advery note or accep\u00adtance cer\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adte, tog\u00ade\u00adther with the cor\u00adre\u00adspon\u00addence to date, form the basis for every sub\u00adse\u00adquent&nbsp;step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sort out the tax aspects.<\/strong> For receiv\u00ada\u00adbles that can no lon\u00adger be reco\u00adver\u00aded, the VAT adjus\u00adt\u00adment and wri\u00adte-off should be car\u00adri\u00aded out in the cor\u00adrect finan\u00adcial&nbsp;year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legal and tax services under one&nbsp;roof<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whe\u00adther a receiva\u00adble can still be reco\u00adver\u00aded is a legal ques\u00adti\u00adon. The cost of its wri\u00adte-off is a tax issue. In many busi\u00adnesses, the\u00adse two issues are dealt with sepa\u00adra\u00adte\u00adly, and the VAT adjus\u00adt\u00adment is not made until years later \u2013 or not at&nbsp;all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ina Ree\u00adse is a soli\u00adci\u00adtor, a spe\u00adcia\u00adlist in tax law and a tax advi\u00adser. As part of our <a href=\"\/en\/forderungsmanagement-flensburg\/\">Debt manage\u00adment<\/a> We check which claims are due to beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred at the end of the year, app\u00adly for orders for pay\u00adment and con\u00adti\u00adnue the pro\u00adcee\u00addings through to enforce\u00adment. For claims that can no lon\u00adger be reco\u00adver\u00aded, we cla\u00adri\u00adfy, as part of our <a href=\"\/en\/steuerberatung-flensburg\/\">Tax advice<\/a> VAT adjus\u00adt\u00adments and depre\u00adcia\u00adti\u00adon. We deal with gene\u00adral issues rela\u00adting to con\u00adtracts and pay\u00adment claims in the <a href=\"\/en\/allgemeines-zivilrecht\/\">gene\u00adral civil law<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions about the limitation period<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a reminder sent by registered post sufficient to stop the limitation period from running?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. A remin\u00adder places the deb\u00adtor in default, but does not sus\u00adpend the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod. To do so, a pay\u00adment order, legal pro\u00adcee\u00addings, docu\u00admen\u00adted nego\u00adtia\u00adti\u00adons, an ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adge\u00adment by the deb\u00adtor or an agree\u00adment regar\u00adding the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod is required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I still apply for a payment order on 31 December?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In prin\u00adci\u00adple, yes. If the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon is recei\u00adved by the court hand\u00adling the order for pay\u00adment by mid\u00adnight and the order for pay\u00adment is sub\u00adse\u00adquent\u00adly ser\u00adved prompt\u00adly, the sus\u00adpen\u00adsi\u00adon of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod appli\u00ades retroac\u00adtively from the date of receipt. An appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon with a bar\u00adcode sent by post must have rea\u00adched the Schles\u00adwig Local Court by then. If the appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon con\u00adta\u00adins errors or the cla\u00adim is not cle\u00adar\u00adly spe\u00adci\u00adfied, the\u00adre will be no time left to cor\u00adrect it. We recom\u00admend sub\u00admit\u00adting appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adons by the begin\u00adning of December.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much does a payment order&nbsp;cost?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court fee is based on the amount of the cla\u00adim. It amounts to half the fee spe\u00adci\u00adfied in the Court Cos\u00adts Act, sub\u00adject to a mini\u00admum of 38 euros. The cos\u00adts of the order for pay\u00adment pro\u00adcee\u00addings are included in the order for pay\u00adment and are to be bor\u00adne by the deb\u00adtor if the cla\u00adim is&nbsp;valid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do I have to pay VAT on an invoice that was never&nbsp;paid?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the accru\u00adal basis of taxa\u00adti\u00adon, VAT ari\u00adses when the sup\u00adp\u00adly is made and must be paid initi\u00adal\u00adly. If the debt beco\u00admes irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adble, the VAT can and must be adjus\u00adted. Under the cash basis of taxa\u00adti\u00adon, VAT only ari\u00adses upon payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Claims ari\u00adsing in 2023 will gene\u00adral\u00adly beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred at the end of 31 Decem\u00adber&nbsp;2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A remin\u00adder con\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adtes default and gives rise to inte\u00adrest on arre\u00adars, but does not sus\u00adpend the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A pay\u00adment order and legal pro\u00adcee\u00addings sus\u00adpend the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod; an ack\u00adnow\u00adled\u00adge\u00adment of the debt or a par\u00adti\u00adal pay\u00adment cau\u00adses it to start run\u00adning&nbsp;again.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon for a pay\u00adment order must spe\u00adci\u00adfy the cla\u00adim in detail and should not be recei\u00adved on the very last&nbsp;day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bad debts result in a VAT adjus\u00adt\u00adment, which must be made in the cor\u00adrect finan\u00adcial&nbsp;year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doubtful debts must be writ\u00adten down in the annu\u00adal accounts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do you have any out\u00adstan\u00adding debts from 2023?<\/strong> During an initi\u00adal con\u00adsul\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon las\u00adting around 15 minu\u00adtes, we will estab\u00adlish which claims are at risk and what still needs to be done befo\u00adre the end of the year. <a href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">Get in touch&nbsp;now<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-small-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__195.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 195 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Stan\u00addard limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__197.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 197 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Thir\u00adty-year limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__199.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 199 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Com\u00admence\u00adment of the stan\u00addard limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__202.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 202 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Inva\u00adli\u00addi\u00adty of agree\u00adments con\u00adcer\u00adning the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__203.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 203 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Sus\u00adpen\u00adsi\u00adon of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod during negotiations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__204.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 204 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Sus\u00adpen\u00adsi\u00adon of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod through legal action<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__212.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 212 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Restart of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__214.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 214 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Effect of the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon period<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__215.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 215 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Set-off and right of reten\u00adti\u00adon after the limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod has expired<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__286.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 286 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Default by the debtor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__217.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 217 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod for ancil\u00adla\u00adry obligations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__288.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 288 of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Inte\u00adrest on arre\u00adars and other dama\u00adges ari\u00adsing from default<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__634a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 634a of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Limi\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon peri\u00adod for claims for defects<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/bgb\/__650g.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 650g of the Ger\u00adman Civil Code (BGB): Assess\u00adment of con\u00addi\u00adti\u00adon in the event of refu\u00adsal to accept the goods; final invoice<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/zpo\/__167.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 167 of the Code of Civil Pro\u00adce\u00addu\u00adre (ZPO): Retroac\u00adti\u00adve effect of service<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/gkg_2004\/__12.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 12 of the Court Cos\u00adts Act (GKG): Pro\u00adcee\u00addings under the Code of Civil Pro\u00adce\u00addu\u00adre (ser\u00advice fol\u00adlo\u00adwing an objection)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiz.nrw\/node\/2212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Rhi\u00adne-West\u00adpha\u00adlia Minis\u00adtry of Jus\u00adti\u00adce: Opti\u00adons for fil\u00ading claims in debt coll\u00adec\u00adtion pro\u00adcee\u00addings (bar\u00adcode, online ID)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/ustg_1980\/__17.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sec\u00adtion 17 of the Value Added Tax Act: Chan\u00adge to the tax&nbsp;base<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesbank.de\/de\/presse\/pressemitteilungen\/bekanntgabe-des-basiszinssatzes-zum-1-juli-2026-anpassung-auf-1-52--941386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deut\u00adsche Bun\u00addes\u00adbank: Base rate as at 1 July&nbsp;2026<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.schleswig-holstein.de\/DE\/justiz\/gerichte-und-justizbehoerden\/AmtsgerichteSH\/AGSchleswig\/Aufgaben\/Zentrales-Mahngericht\/ZentralesMahngericht_node.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schles\u00adwig Local Court: Schleswig-Holstein\u2019s cen\u00adtral debt coll\u00adec\u00adtion&nbsp;court<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fede\u00adral Fis\u00adcal Court (BFH), jud\u00adge\u00adment of 22 April 2004, V R 72\/03 (sub\u00adstan\u00adtia\u00adted dis\u00adpu\u00adte; a mere delay in pay\u00adment does not con\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adte irrecoverability)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BFH, jud\u00adge\u00adment of 1 Febru\u00adary 2022, V R 37\/21 (an inst\u00adal\u00adment pay\u00adment agree\u00adment does not con\u00adsti\u00adtu\u00adte a case of irre\u00adco\u00advera\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty); Sec\u00adtion 17.1(5) of the VAT Imple\u00admen\u00adta\u00adti\u00adon Gui\u00adde\u00adlines (UStAE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 31 Decem\u00adber 2026, many out\u00adstan\u00adding invoices that fell due in 2023 will beco\u00adme time-bar\u00adred. Sen\u00adding a remin\u00adder will not extend the time limit. We explain what real\u00adly helps and what you need to bear in mind regar\u00adding&nbsp;VAT.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[383,384,381,385,256,252,257,255,386,254,253,382],"class_list":["post-1562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemeines","tag-faellige-forderungen","tag-faellige-forderungen-verjaehren","tag-forderungen-verjaehren","tag-forderungen-verjaehren-meist","tag-forderungsausfall-umsatzsteuer","tag-mahnbescheid-verjaehrung","tag-mahngericht-schleswig","tag-regelverjaehrung-drei-jahre","tag-verjaehren-meist","tag-verjaehrung-31-12-2026","tag-verjaehrung-hemmen","tag-verjaehrung-tatsaechlich"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1562"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1564,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions\/1564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kanzlei-reese.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}